In addition to being extremely vulnerable to climate change’s impact, the country faces massive challenges, including exponential population growth, limited capacities of quality services outside Greater Cairo and an economic crisis. As per UNHCR and IOM, Egypt already hosts more than 300.000 registered refugees and about 9 million migrants. Egypt being the main host, and as a result of the conflict, more than 225.000 persons have fled from Sudan to Egypt (reported by UNHCR on June 4th, 2023). The most significant cross-border movements so far have been Sudanese refugees arriving in Chad and Egypt, and South Sudanese returning to South Sudan. According to UNHCR estimates, as of 8 June, 459,477 individuals have crossed into neighboring countries. The number of people fleeing Sudan continues to rise. The fighting is severely exacerbating the already fragile humanitarian situation in the country. According to ’OM’s estimates, as of May 29th, 2023 approximately 1.2 million individuals have been displaced internally as a result of the conflict – mainly in the states of Khartoum, Northern, Blue Nile, North Kordofan, North Darfur, West Darfur and South Darfur. Despite several announced cease-fires, none has taken hold and violence has continued to escalate in other areas in Khartoum and other areas. Since then, clashes have turned to violent conflicts, plunging the country into chaos. On 15 April 2023, clashes erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) due to power struggles between the army commander and the head of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces on the country transition plan. Consultancy for cash-based intervention for extremely vulnerable households in upper Egypt among refugees and host communities’ populations
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